Iyini izinga lokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads?

1. Ukubuka konke kwendinganiso yokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde yama-silicone hip pads

1.1 Ukuhlaziywa kokufaneleka kwezindinganiso zikazwelonke
Njengamanje, izwe lami linezindinganiso ezicacile zikazwelonke zokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehydeimikhiqizo ye-siliconeNgokwezindinganiso ezifanele ezifana ne-“GB/T 2912.1-2009 Ukunqunywa Kwezindwangu ze-formaldehyde Ingxenye 1: I-formaldehyde yamahhala ne-hydrolyzed (indlela yokukhipha amanzi)”, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde emikhiqizweni ye-silicone kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuphephile. Emikhiqizweni efana nama-silicone hip pads asondelene nomzimba womuntu, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde akumele kudlule u-30mg/kg. Le nqubo isekelwe ekuvikelweni kwempilo yabantu kanye nezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kwale nqubo, le nqubo isebenza kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ye-silicone, kufaka phakathi ama-silicone hip pads. Inhloso yayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ngeke ubangele ingozi empilweni yabantu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile. I-Formaldehyde iyisithako esiyingozi. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga aphansi e-formaldehyde kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nezifo zokuphefumula kanye nokungezwani komzimba nesikhumba, futhi kube nengozi yomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa okuqinile kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yabathengi.
Ekuhlolweni kwangempela, iminyango efanele izohlola njalo ngokungahleliwe ama-silicone hip pads emakethe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-formaldehyde kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke. Uma imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ngokweqile isitholakele, kuzothathwa izinyathelo zesijeziso ezifanayo, okuhlanganisa ukubizwa kabusha komkhiqizo kanye nezinhlawulo, ukuze kugcinwe ukuhleleka kwemakethe kanye namalungelo abathengi. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amazinga kazwelonke adlala indima ebalulekile yokuqondisa nokuvimbela ekulawuleni okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads.

2. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezakhiwo zezinto ze-silicone kanye ne-formaldehyde

2.1 Umphumela wenqubo yokukhiqiza i-silicone ku-formaldehyde

Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-silicone ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, inqubo yokubumba kanye nokucubungula ngemuva, konke okuzothinta okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-silicone yi-silicon dioxide, okungeyona into enobuthi futhi engenaphunga. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, ezinye izithasiselo ezifana nama-cross-linking agents kanye nama-catalysts zingangezwa. Uma lezi zithasiselo zisezingeni eliphansi noma zisetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele, i-formaldehyde ingakhishwa. Isibonelo, ezinye izinto zokusebenzisa i-cross-linking agents ezisezingeni eliphansi zingabola futhi zikhiqize i-formaldehyde ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokusho kocwaningo olufanele, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanele kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-80. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinobungane nemvelo kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekulawuleni okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads.
Inqubo yokubumba: Kunezinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubumba zama-silicone hip pads: ukubumba ngomjovo kanye nokubumba ngokucindezela. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba ngomjovo, uma izinga lokushisa lingalawulwa kahle, ezinye izingxenye ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zingabola, ngaleyo ndlela zikhiphe i-formaldehyde. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokubumba ngomjovo liphakathi kuka-180℃-220℃. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde kuzokhula kakhulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba ngokucindezela, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi nesikhathi kuzothinta nokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokubumba ngokucindezela, uma ingcindezi inganele noma isikhathi sifushane kakhulu, izithasiselo ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zingase zingasabeli ngokugcwele, okuholela ekutheni kusele i-formaldehyde eningi. Imininingwane yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zenqubo yokubumba, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads kungalawulwa ngaphansi kuka-10mg/kg, okuphansi kakhulu kunezinga likazwelonke.
Ngemuva kokucubungula: Ngemva kokucubungula ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nokuhlanza, ukomisa kanye nokulungisa ngemva kokuhlanza. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanza, uma ukuhlanza kungaphelele, ezinye izithasiselo eziqukethe i-formaldehyde zingase zisale. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa kanye nokulungisa ngemva kokuhlanza, uma izinga lokushisa nesikhathi kungalawulwa kahle, i-formaldehyde nayo ingakhishwa. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa ngemva kokuhlanza, uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu noma isikhathi sifushane kakhulu, ezinye izingxenye zezinto zokusetshenziswa zingase zingalapheki ngokuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela zikhulule i-formaldehyde ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okulandelayo. Ngokwenza ngcono inqubo yokulungisa ngemva kokwelapha, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ku-silicone hip pad kungancishiswa kakhulu. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwangempela, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwe-silicone hip pad okuye kwalungiswa ngemva kokuhlanza kungancishiswa kube cishe ku-5mg/kg, okubonisa ukuthi ngemva kokwelapha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde.

3. Sebenzisa izimo zama-silicone hip pads kanye nemikhawulo yokuphepha ye-formaldehyde

3.1 Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngokuphepha kwe-formaldehyde ezindaweni zokusetshenziswa ekhaya
Ekhaya, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwama-silicone hip pads zikhethekile, futhi zithintana kakhulu namaqembu azwelayo njengezinsana noma asebekhulile. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezibhekwayo ngokuphepha nge-formaldehyde kudingeka zibe nzima kakhulu.
Ingozi yokuchayeka ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane: Izinsana nezingane ezincane zinesikhumba esibucayi, amasosha omzimba azo awakakhuli ngokugcwele, futhi ukubekezelela kwazo i-formaldehyde kuphansi kakhulu kunokwabantu abadala. Ngokusho kwezifundo ezifanele, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekugxilweni okuphansi kwe-formaldehyde ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane kungabangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, izifo zokuphefumula kanye nezinye izinkinga. I-World Health Organization (WHO) itusa ukuthi ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde endaweni yezinsana nezingane ezincane kufanele kulawulwe ngaphansi kuka-0.05mg/m³. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwama-silicone hip pads, uma okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kudlula izinga, ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-formaldehyde kungakheka endaweni yendawo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izingozi zempilo zezinsana nezingane ezincane.
Ukuvama kokusetshenziswa kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka: Endaweni yasekhaya, ama-silicone hip pads avame ukusetshenziswa njalo futhi isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, izinsana nezingane ezincane zingasebenzisa ama-silicone hip pads amahora amaningana noma ngaphezulu nsuku zonke. Lokhu kuxhumana kwesikhathi eside kwandisa ukuvezwa okwandayo ku-formaldehyde. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwesayensi yezemvelo, noma ngabe ukuhlushwa kwe-formaldehyde kungaphakathi kobubanzi bezwe, ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kungaba nemiphumela engaba khona empilweni. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ekhaya, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads kudinga ukuncishiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuvezwa isikhathi eside.
Ithonya lezimo zokungenisa umoya endlini: Izimo zokungenisa umoya endlini zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaleni nasekuncibilikisweni kwe-formaldehyde. Uma kunomoya omuhle, i-formaldehyde ingasakazeka ngaphandle ngokushesha, inciphise ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde endlini. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amakamelo angenawo umoya omuhle, njengalapho iminyango namafasitela kuvalwa ebusika ukuze kugcinwe kufudumele, i-formaldehyde inganqwabelana endlini, ngaleyo ndlela yandise ingozi yokuchayeka kwe-formaldehyde yabasebenzisi be-silicone hip pad. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi emakamelweni angenawo umoya omuhle, ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde kungaba phezulu ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kathathu kunasekamelweni angenawo umoya omuhle. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa ama-silicone hip pad ekhaya, kubalulekile ukucabangela umthelela wezimo zokungenisa umoya emkhawulweni wokuphepha we-formaldehyde. Kunconywa ukugcina ukugcwala komoya okuhle ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde.
Idatha yangempela yokuhlola: Ngokwedatha yangempela yokuhlola yama-silicone hip pads emakethe, kutholakale ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo inokukhishwa okukhulu kwe-formaldehyde uma isetshenziswa ezindaweni zasekhaya. Isibonelo, uhlobo oluthile lwama-silicone hip pads lukhiphe i-40 mg/kg ye-formaldehyde ekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa, okuphakeme kakhulu kune-30 mg/kg echazwe endinganisweni kazwelonke. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuqinisa ukutholakala nokubhekwa kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziphakeme.

4. Indlela yokuthola i-formaldehyde kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwama-silicone hip pads

4.1 Isingeniso sezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuthola i-formaldehyde
Njengamanje, ukutholakala kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads kusekelwe kakhulu ezindinganisweni ezifanele ezifana ne-“GB/T 2912.1-2009 Ukunqunywa Kwezindwangu ze-Formaldehyde Ingxenye 1: I-Formaldehyde Ekhululekile Neyi-Hydrolyzed (Indlela Yokukhipha Amanzi)”. Lezi zindinganiso zinikeza izindlela ezicacile nezinyathelo zokuthola ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Indlela yokukhipha amanzi: Lena indlela evamile yokuthola okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwemikhiqizo ye-silicone. Umgomo uwukukhipha i-formaldehyde kusampula ngokucwilisa isampula ye-silicone emanzini, bese unquma ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde emanzini ngokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali. Izinyathelo ezithile zokusebenza zifaka phakathi ukukala inani elithile lesampula ye-silicone, ukuyisika ibe yizicucu bese uyibeka kudivayisi yokukhipha, ukwengeza inani elifanele lamanzi acwengekile, bese uyikhipha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa nesikhathi. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokukhipha, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ku-extract kunqunywa yi-spectrophotometry noma i-gas chromatography. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi ukusebenza kulula futhi kufanelekile ukuthola i-formaldehyde kwemikhiqizo eminingi ye-silicone. Ngokusho kocwaningo olufanele, ukunemba kokuthola indlela yokukhipha amanzi kungafinyelela ku-0.1mg/kg, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zokuthola okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads.
I-Gas chromatography: Lena indlela yokuthola i-formaldehyde enembile kakhudlwana, efanelekile ezimweni zokuthola ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa i-gas chromatograph ukuhlukanisa i-formaldehyde kusampula, bese unquma okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde nge-detector. Lapho uthola ama-silicone hip pads, isampula idinga ukwelashwa kahle kusengaphambili ukuze ikhiphe i-formaldehyde, bese isampula yegesi ifakwe ku-gas chromatograph ukuze ihlaziywe. Inzuzo ye-gas chromatography ukuthi inokuzwela okuphezulu kokuthola futhi ingathola amazinga aphansi e-formaldehyde, futhi umkhawulo wayo wokuthola ungafinyelela ku-0.01mg/kg. Lokhu kwenza le ndlela ikwazi ukuthola ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads, ikakhulukazi kuleyo mikhiqizo eseduze nomkhawulo kazwelonke ojwayelekile, futhi inganikeza imiphumela yokuhlola ethembekile kakhudlwana.
I-chromatography yoketshezi esebenza kahle kakhulu: Le ndlela iphinde yasetshenziswa kabanzi ekutholeni i-formaldehyde. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa i-chromatography yoketshezi esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuhlukanisa i-formaldehyde esampula nokwenza ukuhlaziywa kwenani. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-gas chromatography, i-chromatography yoketshezi esebenza kahle kakhulu ayidingi ukuthi isampula iguqulwe ibe yigesi, ngakho-ke izidingo zangaphambi kokwelashwa kwesampula ziphansi kakhulu. Lapho kuhlolwa ama-silicone hip pads, isampula iyancibilika ku-solvent efanele bese ihlaziywa yi-chromatography yoketshezi esebenza kahle kakhulu. I-chromatography yoketshezi esebenza kahle kakhulu inokunemba okuphezulu kokuthola futhi inganquma ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads. Ukuphindaphinda kanye nokuphindaphindwa kwemiphumela yayo yokuhlolwa kuhle. Ngokusho kwedatha yangempela yokusetshenziswa, iphutha lokuthola lale ndlela ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-5%, okunganikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokuthola okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads.
Lezi zindlela zokuthola i-formaldehyde zinezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, indlela efanele ivame ukukhethwa ngokwenhloso yokuhlolwa kanye nezici zesampula. Emikhiqizweni efana nama-silicone hip pads asondelene nomzimba womuntu, ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwe-formaldehyde kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke futhi ivikela impilo yabathengi.

5. Ukuphathwa kwemakethe kanye nokucaciswa kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads

5.1 Izinyathelo zokulawula zeziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula ngokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde
Iziphathimandla ezilawula imakethe zithathe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo.

Uhlelo lokuhlola umkhiqizo: Iziphathimandla ezilawula imakethe zizokwenza njalo ukuhlola imikhiqizo ye-silicone hip pad ngokungahleliwe emakethe. Ngokwezibalo ezifanele, inani lemikhiqizo ethathwa isampula minyaka yonke libalelwa cishe ku-10% wesamba sokuthengiswa kwemakethe. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yemikhiqizo ehlukene kanye namaqoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela kokubhekwa. Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso semikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ngokweqile sehle unyaka nonyaka eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusukela ku-15% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule kuya ku-5% manje, okubonisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokulawula zifinyelele imiphumela emangalisayo.
Uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi: izwe lami selisungule uhlelo oluphelele lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, oludinga abakhiqizi be-silicone hip pad ukuthi baphumelele isitifiketi sekhwalithi esifanele ngaphambi kokungena emakethe. Isibonelo, izinkampani zidinga ukuthola isitifiketi sesistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi ye-ISO 9001 kanye nesitifiketi sesistimu yokuphatha imvelo ye-ISO 14001. Lezi zinhlelo zokuqinisekisa azigcini nje ngokuba nezidingo eziqinile kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde, kodwa futhi zihlanganisa izixhumanisi eziningi ezifana nenqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, njll. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi be-silicone hip pad abangaphezu kuka-80% emakethe baphumelele izitifiketi zekhwalithi ezifanele, okunikeza isiqinisekiso esinamandla sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Indlela yesijeziso kanye nokubuyiselwa emuva: Emikhiqizweni enokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ngokweqile, iminyango yokuqapha imakethe izothatha izinyathelo ezinqala zokujezisa. Uma sekutholakale ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo kudlula izinga, inkampani izobhekana nenhlawulo ephezulu, futhi inani lenhlawulo lingafinyelela ku-10 inani lomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo edlula izinga izobuyiselwa emuva ngenkani, futhi inkampani idinga ukuthwala zonke izindleko enqubweni yokubuyiselwa emuva. Ngokwezibalo, eminyakeni emithathu edlule, inani lemikhiqizo ye-silicone hip pad ebuyiselwe emuva ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ngokweqile libalelwa ngaphezu kuka-90% wemikhiqizo engafaneleki ethathwe isampula. Le ndlela yesijeziso esiqinile kanye nokubuyiselwa emuva yavimbela izinkampani ngempumelelo futhi yazishukumisela ukuba zilawule ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuphathwa kwezikhalazo zabathengi: Umnyango wokuqapha imakethe uphinde wasungula indlela yokuphatha izikhalazo zabathengi ukukhuthaza abathengi ukuba bakhononde ngemikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ngokweqile. Abathengi bangafaka izikhalazo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengocingo oluphuthumayo lwe-12315 kanye namapulatifomu aku-inthanethi. Iminyango yokuqapha imakethe izobeka phambili imikhiqizo ekhonondwa ngabathengi futhi yenze uphenyo nokuhlolwa ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kwemikhiqizo ekhonondwa ngabathengi, isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde esidlula izinga siphezulu njengo-70%, okubonisa ukuthi izikhalazo zabathengi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwemakethe futhi zisiza ekutholeni nasekubhekaneni nemikhiqizo enenkinga ngesikhathi esifanele.

6. Ukuqwashisa abathengi kanye nezindinganiso zokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads

6.1 Ukukhathazeka kwabathengi mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde
Ukukhathazeka kwabathengi mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuama-silicone hip padszigxile kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukuqwashisa ngezingozi zempilo: Abathengi ngokuvamile bayaqaphela ukuthi i-formaldehyde iyisithako esiyingozi, futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungabangela izifo zokuphefumula, ukungezwani nesikhumba, ngisho nomdlavuza. Ngemikhiqizo efana nama-silicone hip pads asondelene nomzimba womuntu, abathengi bakhathazeka kakhulu ngokuthi okuqukethwe yi-formaldehyde yabo kudlula yini izinga. Ngokusho kocwaningo olufanele, abathengi abangaphezu kuka-90% bazobuza ngentshiseko ngokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde lapho bethenga ama-silicone hip pads, okubonisa ukuthi abathengi banolwazi oluphezulu ngezingozi ze-formaldehyde kanye nomuzwa oqinile wokuvikela impilo yabo.
Okulindelwe ngokuphepha komkhiqizo: Abathengi balindele ukuthi ama-silicone hip pads ahambisane ngokuqinile nezindinganiso zikazwelonke nokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kulawulwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuphephile. Ezimweni zokusetshenziswa ekhaya, ikakhulukazi emindenini enezinsana noma asebekhulile, abathengi banezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha komkhiqizo. Bathemba ukuthi ama-silicone hip pads ngeke akhiphe i-formaldehyde ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile, noma ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde kuphansi kakhulu kune-30mg/kg echazwe kumazinga kazwelonke. Ngokusho kwedatha yocwaningo lwemakethe, cishe ama-85% abathengi bazimisele ukukhokha intengo ephezulu yama-silicone hip pads ahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme zokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde, okubonisa ukunaka okukhulu kwabathengi ekuphepheni komkhiqizo.
Ukwethenjwa komkhiqizo kanye nokucaca kolwazi: Lapho bethenga ama-silicone hip pads, abathengi bavame ukukhetha imikhiqizo eyaziwayo, bekholelwa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabo kanye nokuphepha kuqinisekisiwe kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathengi balindele nokuthi imikhiqizo inikeze ulwazi lomkhiqizo olucacile, okuhlanganisa imibiko yokuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kanye nezitifiketi ezihlobene. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuqwashisa komkhiqizo kanye nokucaca kolwazi kunomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni zokuthenga zabathengi. Imikhiqizo enamalebula okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde acacile kanye nemibiko yokuhlola enegunya inezinga lokwamukelwa emakethe elicishe libe ngu-30% kunemikhiqizo enganikezi ulwazi olufanele. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi abathengi banesidingo esikhulayo sokwethenjwa komkhiqizo kanye nokucaca kolwazi, futhi imikhiqizo idinga ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kwayo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zabathengi.

7. Isifinyezo
Ngokutadisha okuphelele kwezindinganiso zokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde zama-silicone hip pads, singafinyelela iziphetho ezilandelayo:
7.1 Ukubaluleka kwezindinganiso zokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde
I-Formaldehyde iyikhemikhali eyingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga aphansi e-formaldehyde kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukene zempilo, njengezifo zokuphefumula, ukungezwani nesikhumba, ngisho nezingozi zomdlavuza. Ngemikhiqizo efana nama-silicone hip pads asondelene nomzimba womuntu, kubalulekile ukulawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde. Indinganiso kazwelonke yezwe lami ethi “GB/T 2912.1-2009 Ukunqunywa Kwezindwangu ze-Formaldehyde Ingxenye 1: I-Formaldehyde Ekhululekile Neyi-Hydrolyzed (Indlela Yokukhipha Amanzi)” icacisa ngokusobala ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde emikhiqizweni ye-silicone akumele kudlule ku-30mg/kg. Le ndinganiso inikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sokuvikela impilo yabathengi.
7.2 Izici Ezithinta Okuqukethwe kwe-Formaldehyde
Okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads kuthintwa izici eziningi zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinobungani nemvelo kuyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifanelekile zinganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde ngaphezu kuka-80%. Enqubweni yokubumba, ukulawulwa okungafanele kokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nesikhathi sokubumba ngomjovo kanye nokubumba ngokucindezela kungaholela ekukhulisweni kwe-formaldehyde. Ezinhlotsheni zangemva kokucubungula, njengokuhlanza, ukomisa kanye nokulungisa ngemva kokupholisa, uma ukusebenza kungajwayelekile, izithasiselo eziqukethe i-formaldehyde nazo zizohlala. Ngokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads kungalawulwa ngempumelelo ukuze kube ngaphansi kakhulu kwendinganiso kazwelonke.
7.3 Izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhawulo yokuphepha
Endaweni yokusetshenziswa ekhaya, ama-silicone hip pad asondelene kakhulu namaqembu azwelayo njengezinsana nabantu asebekhulile, ngakho-ke izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe nge-formaldehyde kufanele zibe bukhali kakhulu. Izinsana nezingane ezincane zinesikhumba esibucayi futhi amasosha omzimba azo awakakhuli ngokugcwele. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga aphansi e-formaldehyde kungabangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, izifo zokuphefumula kanye nezinye izinkinga. I-World Health Organization (WHO) itusa ukuthi amazinga e-formaldehyde endaweni yezinsana nezingane ezincane kufanele alawulwe ngaphansi kuka-0.05mg/m³. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu, isikhathi eside sokuchayeka kanye nezimo zokungenisa umoya ezimbi endlini kuzokwandisa ukuvezwa kwe-formaldehyde, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izingozi zempilo. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sokusetshenziswa ekhaya, kubalulekile ukunciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pad nokugcina izimo zokungenisa umoya ezinhle.
7.4 Izindlela zokuthola kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile
Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthola okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads zifaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwamanzi, i-gas chromatography kanye ne-high-performance liquid chromatography. Indlela yokukhipha amanzi ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa futhi ifaneleka ekutholakaleni kwe-formaldehyde kwemikhiqizo eminingi ye-silicone, ngokunemba kokuthola okufika ku-0.1mg/kg. I-gas chromatography inokuzwela okuphezulu kokuthola futhi ingathola amazinga aphansi e-formaldehyde, ngomkhawulo wokuthola ofika ku-0.01 mg/kg. I-high-performance liquid chromatography inokunemba okuphezulu kokuthola, ukuphindaphinda okuhle kanye nokuphindaphinda, futhi iphutha lokuthola ngokuvamile lingaphakathi kuka-5%. Lezi zindlela zokuthola zinikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-silicone hip pads ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke.
7.5 Ukuphathwa kwemakethe kanye nokulawulwa kwayo
Umnyango wokuqapha imakethe ulawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads ngezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ezifana nokuthatha amasampula omkhiqizo, isitifiketi sekhwalithi, indlela yokujezisa kanye nokubuyisa, kanye nokuphathwa kwezikhalazo zabathengi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lemikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ngokweqile liye lehla unyaka nonyaka, lisuka ku-15% eminyakeni emihlanu edlule laya ku-5% manje, okubonisa ukuthi izinyathelo zomthetho zifinyelele imiphumela emangalisayo. Abathengi banaka kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde. Abathengi abangaphezu kuka-90% bazobuza ngentshiseko ngokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde lapho bethenga, kanti cishe abathengi abangu-85% bazimisele ukukhokha intengo ephezulu ngemikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme. Ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo kanye nokucaca kolwazi kunomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni zokuthenga zabathengi. Imikhiqizo enamalebula okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde acacile kanye nemibiko yokuhlola enegunya inokwamukelwa okuphezulu emakethe.
Ngamafuphi, ukulawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads akusiyona nje kuphela indlela ebalulekile yokuvikela impilo yabathengi, kodwa futhi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile samabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana emakethe. Ngokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukwenza ngcono izindlela zokuhlola, ukuqinisa ukubhekwa kwemakethe nokuthuthukisa ukuqwashisa kwabathengi, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads kungancishiswa ngempumelelo, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha komkhiqizo futhi kudalwe indawo yokusebenzisa enempilo nephephile kubathengi.