Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-silicone yezinga lokudla kanye ne-silicone enobungani nemvelo?

1. Incazelo kanye Nezinga Elijwayelekile
1.1 Incazelo kanye Nezidingo Zesitifiketi se-Silicone Yezinga Lokudla
I-silicone yezinga lokudlaibhekisela emikhiqizweni ye-silicone esetshenziselwa ukuthintana nokudla, njengezinto zokubopha izingane, izibambo zekhishi, izindandatho zokuvala, njll. Le mikhiqizo ixhumana ngqo noma ngokungaqondile nokudla, futhi ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka kwezinto zayo kubalulekile. I-silicone yezinga lokudla kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zikazwelonke kanye nezimfuneko zesitifiketi samazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke ibangele ukungcola ekudleni ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa futhi ivikele impilo yabathengi.
EShayina, indinganiso yokuhlola yemikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla isebenzisa i-GB 4806.11-2016 “Izinga Likazwelonke Lokuphepha Kokudla Izinto Nemikhiqizo Yenjoloba Yokuxhumana Nokudla”. Le ndinganiso ichaza izidingo, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokuhlola kanye nokuhlonza ilebula lezinto zerabha nemikhiqizo yokuxhumana nokudla. Izinto zokulinganisa zifaka ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo (ngokwe-lead), ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate, ukufuduka okuphelele (4% i-acetic acid, i-10% i-ethanol, i-50% i-ethanol), njll.
Emhlabeni jikelele, izidingo zesitifiketi se-silicone yezinga lokudla nazo ziqinile kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) isungule amazinga ezinto zokuxhumana nokudla, phakathi kwawo uMthethonqubo 21 CFR 177.2600 ubeka ngokucacile imibandela yefomula kanye nemibandela ye-vulcanization yemikhiqizo yerabha ye-silicone yokuxhumana nokudla, futhi udinga ukunqunywa kwenani eliphelele lerabha ye-silicone ekhishwa emanzini acwengekile kanye ne-n-hexane. I-LFGB ye-EU (Umthetho Wokudla, Imikhiqizo Kagwayi, Izimonyo kanye Neminye Imigomo Yokuphathwa Kwezidingo Zansuku Zonke) idinga ukuthi imikhiqizo yerabha ye-silicone iphumelele ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa ukufuduka okuphelele (amanzi acwengekile, i-3% acetic acid, i-10% ethanol), ukuhlolwa kwenani le-peroxide, okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo (ngokwe-cadmium kanye ne-lead), ama-volatiles aphelele e-organic kanye nama-hydrocarbon aromatic polycyclic.
1.2 Incazelo kanye nezindinganiso zemvelo ze-silicone enobungani nemvelo
I-silicone enobungani nemvelo iyinto ye-silicone ene-silicon dioxide yemvelo njengezinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa, enezici zokungabi nobuthi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuhambisana okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza inokungcola okuncane kakhulu emvelweni. Iyinto efanelekile enobungani nemvelo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini yezokwelapha, ezindizeni nasezempi, ezidingweni zansuku zonke nakweminye imikhakha.
Izindinganiso zemvelo ze-silicone enobungane nemvelo zihilela kakhulu inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza, inqubo yokusetshenziswa kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, i-silicone enobungane nemvelo inokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi futhi ikhiqiza imfucuza encane, ehlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko eqhubekayo. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo ye-silicone enobungane nemvelo inokuqina okuhle kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha, inciphisa ukuncika emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki elahlwayo, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicone enobungane nemvelo ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ngezindlela ezikhethekile ngemva kokulahlwa, okunciphisa kakhulu umthelela emvelweni.
Emhlabeni jikelele, izindinganiso zemvelo ze-silicone enobungani nemvelo zifaka nemikhawulo ezintweni eziyingozi. Isibonelo, i-RoHS Directive ye-EU (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive) ibeka ukuthi izinto ezithile eziyingozi zivinjelwe emikhiqizweni kagesi. Uma i-silicone enobungani nemvelo isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni kagesi, kumele ihambisane nalesi siqondiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances) nayo ibeka izidingo eziqinile kumakhemikhali asetshenziswa ku-silicone enobungani nemvelo.

2. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza
2.1 Ukuhlanzeka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone yezinga lokudla kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza
I-silicone yezinga lokudla inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlanzeka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-silicon dioxide, kanti isihlabathi se-silica noma se-quartz esihlanzekile kakhulu sivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo. Lezi zinto zokusetshenziswa zidinga ukulawula ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kokungcola ngesikhathi sokumba nokucubungula ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha komkhiqizo wokugcina. Isibonelo, umkhawulo wokuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo ku-silicone yezinga lokudla uqinile kakhulu, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-lead akufanele kudlule u-0.05 mg/kg, okudinga ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zigweme ukungcola kwensimbi esindayo ngesikhathi sokumba nokucubungula.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, indawo yokukhiqiza ye-silicone yezinga lokudla idinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ivame ukusebenza endaweni yokusebenzela ehlanzekile ukuvimbela uthuli nokunye ukungcola ekungcoleni. Amapharamitha anjengokushisa, ingcindezi nesikhathi enqubweni yokukhiqiza nawo adinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-silicone kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zezinga lokudla. Isibonelo, inqubo ye-vulcanization ye-silicone yezinga lokudla ivame ukusebenzisa i-platinum vulcanizer, engakwazi nje ukunikeza umphumela omuhle we-vulcanization, kodwa futhi iqinisekise ukungabi nobuthi kanye nokungabi nephunga komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kuyadingeka esinyathelweni ngasinye senqubo yokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwemikhiqizo eqediwe, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
2.2 Imithombo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone enobungani nemvelo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo enqubweni yokukhiqiza
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone enobungani nemvelo zitholakala kabanzi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa i-silica yemvelo kanye ne-siloxane yokwenziwa. I-silica yemvelo ivame ukuvela ku-quartz ore noma i-diatomaceous earth, enezinqolobane eziningi kanye nokusebenza okuhle kwezemvelo. Ama-siloxane okwenziwa alungiswa ngokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali, futhi inqubo yawo yokukhiqiza ithuthuka njalo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi be-silicone abanobungane nemvelo bathathe izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela imvelo. Isibonelo, amandla ahlanzekile njengegesi yemvelo noma ugesi asetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni samafutha amalahle endabuko ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi angcolile kanye negesi engcolile ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza nawo aphathwa ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo. Amanzi angcolile avame ukuphathwa ngokuthungwa, ukuhlunga kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukuze kususwe izinto eziyingozi; igesi engcolile iphathwa ngokumuncwa, ukushisa okubangela ukuvuvukala kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali e-volatile organic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi be-silicone abanobungane nemvelo nabo banaka ukuphinda kusetshenziswe futhi imfucuza, futhi baphinde basebenzise i-silicone engcolile ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza futhi bayisebenzise kabusha ekukhiqizeni, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ukukhishwa kwemfucuza yezinsiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.

3. Umthelela wokuphepha kanye nempilo
3.1 Izici ezingezona ezinobuthi futhi ezingenabungozi ze-silicone yezinga lokudla
I-silicone yezinga lokudla isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuxhumana kokudla ngenxa yokuphepha kwayo okuhle kakhulu. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko, i-silicon dioxide, inezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi ayisabelani ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto ngaphandle kwe-alkali enamandla ne-hydrofluoric acid. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa, i-silicone yezinga lokudla ngeke ikhiphe izinto eziyingozi, futhi ngeke ithinte umbala, iphunga, kanye nokunambitheka kokudla. Isibonelo, ama-pacifiers ezinsana, njengemikhiqizo ethinta ngqo umlomo wezinsana nezingane ezincane, enziwe nge-silicone yezinga lokudla. Izici zayo ezingezona ezinobuthi futhi ezingenaphunga zingavikela impilo yezinsana nezingane ezincane.
Ukumelana nokushisa kwe-silicone yezinga lokudla nakho kunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuphepha kwayo. Ububanzi bayo bokumelana nokushisa ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka--40℃ no-200℃. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqandisiwe, iqandisiwe noma iphekiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu, imikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla ingahlala izinzile futhi ngeke ikhiqize izinto eziyingozi ngenxa yokushintsha kokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate, kanye nokufuduka okuphelele kwemikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla kufinyelela amazinga kazwelonke, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
3.2 Umthelela ongaba khona we-silicone enobungani nemvelo emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu
Njengezinto eziluhlaza, i-silicone enobungani nemvelo ayinawo umthelela omkhulu emvelweni. Izindlela zokuvikela imvelo ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yayo yokukhiqiza, njengokusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile, ukuphathwa okuqinile kwamanzi amdaka kanye negesi yokukhipha umoya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemfucuza, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcola emvelweni. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo ye-silicone enobungani nemvelo inokuqina okuhle kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha, okunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicone enobungani nemvelo ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ngezindlela ezikhethekile ngemva kokulahlwa, okunciphisa kakhulu umthelela emvelweni.
Ngempilo yabantu, i-silicone enobungani nemvelo nayo iphephile kakhulu. Isithako sayo esiyinhloko, i-silica yemvelo, ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinaphunga, futhi ngeke ilimaze umzimba womuntu ngaphansi kwezimo zokusetshenziswa ezijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, i-silicone enobungani nemvelo ingathinteka yizici zemvelo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Isibonelo, uma imikhiqizo ye-silicone enobungani nemvelo ivezwa kumakhemikhali athile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukusebenza kwayo kungathinteka ngezinga elithile. Kodwa ngokuvamile, umthelela we-silicone enobungani nemvelo empilweni yabantu mncane kakhulu ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuvamile nokuphathwa kahle.

4. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali
4.1 Ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokuguga kanye namandla okudabuka kwe-silicone yezinga lokudla
Ukumelana nokushisa kwe-silicone yezinga lokudla kuhle kakhulu, futhi ingahlala izinzile ebangeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka--40℃ no-230℃. Lolu bubanzi bokumelana nokushisa buyenza ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokushisa okukhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyifriji, ukubanda noma ukupheka okushisa okuphezulu, imikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla ingasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izinto eziyingozi noma ukwehla kokusebenza ngenxa yokushintsha kokushisa.
Ukumelana kwayo nokuguga nakho kuhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, imikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla ingagcina izakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile zesakhi sayo esiyinhloko, i-silicon dioxide, engasabelani ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto ngaphandle kwe-alkali enamandla ne-hydrofluoric acid. Lokhu kuzinza kuvumela imikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla ukuthi igcine isimo sayo sokuqala, ukuguquguquka kanye namandla ngemva kokuthintana isikhathi eside nezici zemvelo ezifana nokudla, umoya kanye nomswakama, futhi ayithambekeli ekugugeni, ekuwohlokeni nakwezinye izinkinga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicone yezinga lokudla inokumelana nokuklebhuka okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile, imikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla ayivami ukuklebhuka ngisho noma yeluliwe futhi iklebhuka ngezinga elithile. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa isikhunta sokubhaka, i-silicone yezinga lokudla ingamelana nokukhula nokuphuma kwenhlama, igcine ubuqotho nesimo sesikhunta, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ikhwalithi nokubukeka kokudla okubhakiwe. Lokhu kumelana nokuklebhuka okuphezulu akugcini nje ngokwandisa impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwayo kanye nokuphepha ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo.
4.2 Ukuqina, ukubola kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali kwe-silicone enobungani nemvelo
I-silicone enobungani nemvelo inokuqina okuhle, futhi izakhiwo zayo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zingahlala zizinzile isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zokusetshenziswa ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuqina kungenxa yezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile zesithako sayo esiyinhloko, i-silica yemvelo, kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinqubo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Imikhiqizo ye-silicone enobungani nemvelo ayithambekeli ekugugeni, ekuguqukeni, ekubuneni kanye nezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Nakuba i-silicone enobungane nemvelo ngokwayo ingekho lula ukuyiwohloza ngokwemvelo, ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe ngezindlela ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo ye-silicone enobungane nemvelo ingaguqulwa ibe izinto ezintsha ze-silicon ngokubola kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, bese ishintshwa ibe imikhiqizo ye-silicone. Lokhu kuphinda kusetshenziswe akugcini nje ngokunciphisa inani lemfucuza, kodwa futhi kusindisa izinsiza zezinto zokusetshenziswa, okuhambisana nomqondo wentuthuko esimeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ezinye izinto ezintsha ze-silicone ezinobungane nemvelo ziyathuthukiswa, futhi izakhiwo zazo ezibolayo kulindeleke ukuthi zithuthukiswe kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nokuqina kwamakhemikhali, i-silicone enobungani nemvelo isebenza kahle. Isithako sayo esiyinhloko, i-silica yemvelo, ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinaphunga, futhi ngeke isabele ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuqina kwamakhemikhali kwenza imikhiqizo ye-silicone enobungani nemvelo ikwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwayo nokuphepha kwayo lapho ivezwa ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, emikhakheni yemishini yezokwelapha, yezindiza kanye neyezempi, imikhiqizo ye-silicone enobungani nemvelo idinga ukuxhumana nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuzinza kwayo okuhle kwamakhemikhali kungaqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwale mikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

5. Izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza
5.1 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicone yezinga lokudla emikhakheni yokudla, yezokwelapha neminye
I-silicone yezinga lokudla isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni yokudla neyezokwelapha ngenxa yokuphepha kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokusebenza kwayo.
Insimu yokudla
Izinto zasekhishini nezinto zasetafuleni: I-silicone esezingeni lokudla isetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza izinto zasekhishini nezinto zasetafuleni ezahlukahlukene, njenge-spatula ze-silicone, izipuni, ama-clamp kanye namanye amathuluzi okupheka, anokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka. Isibonelo, ama-spatula e-silicone angasetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokupheka ezishisa kakhulu ngaphandle kokukhipha izinto eziyingozi noma ukuklwebheka amabhodwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi okubhaka afana nezikhunta zekhekhe ze-silicone kanye nezikhunta zebhisikidi ayathandwa ngabathandi bokubhaka ngenxa yokunganamatheli kwawo kanye nokulula ukuwakhipha.
Ukupakishwa kokudla: Imichilo yokuvala ye-silicone esezingeni lokudla isetshenziswa ekupakishweni kokudla ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukudla ukuthi kungonakali futhi kungangcoli. Isibonelo, ifilimu yokunamathela ye-silicone ingasetshenziswa kabusha, inobungani nemvelo futhi ayinangozi ekudleni, futhi iyindawo efanelekile yokufaka ifilimu yokunamathela yendabuko.
Imishini yokucubungula ukudla: Enkambisweni yokucubungula ukudla, kusetshenziswa kakhulu izindandatho zokuvala, amabhande okuhambisa kanye nezinye izingxenye ezenziwe nge-silicone yezinga lokudla. Lezi zingxenye zingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanza kwamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukudla ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokuhlanzeka kwenqubo yokucubungula ukudla.
Insimu yezokwelapha
Imikhiqizo yezingane: Izingono namabhodlela enziwe nge-silicone yokudla aphephile futhi awanobuthi, futhi awathinti impilo yezingane. Isibonelo, ukuthamba nokunwebeka kwezingono ze-silicone kungalingisa umuzwa wokuncela ubisi lwebele, okwenza kube lula ngezingane ukwamukela.
Amadivayisi ezokwelapha: Ukuhambisana kwe-silicone yokudla kwenza ikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni amadivayisi ezokwelapha ahlukahlukene, njenge-catheter namapayipi okukhipha amanzi. Lawa madivayisi ezokwelapha ngeke acasule noma abe nomzimba ongezwani nezicubu zabantu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenqubo yezokwelapha.
5.2 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicone enobungani nemvelo embonini, kwezokwakha nakwezinye izindawo
I-silicone enobungani nemvelo isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini nasekwakhiweni ngenxa yezici zayo zokuvikela imvelo, ukuqina kwayo kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezinhle zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
Insimu yezimboni
Izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi: I-silicone enobungani nemvelo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo kagesi, njengezinkinobho ze-silicone, izembozo zokuvikela ze-silicone, njll. Le mikhiqizo ye-silicone ayigcini nje ngokuba nempilo enhle yokuthinta nokusebenza, kodwa futhi inikeza ukuvikela okuhle kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Isibonelo, amakesi efoni ye-silicone angavikela omakhalekhukhwini ekuklwebhekeni nasekushayweni, futhi abe nokusebenza okuhle kokushabalalisa ukushisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemishini: I-silicone enobungani nemvelo isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezahlukene zemishini kanye nezivalo, njengezivikelo ze-silicone zohlobo lwe-O, omatilasi abavimbela ukushelela, njll. Lezi zingxenye zinokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nowoyela kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, okungathuthukisa ukuthembeka nokuphila kwesikhathi senkonzo yemishini yemishini.
Izindiza kanye nezempi: I-silicone enobungani nemvelo nayo inezinhlelo ezibalulekile emikhakheni yezindiza kanye nezempi, njengezifihla-buso ezingangeni manzi, ama-headphone okukhansela umsindo, ama-brake pad, njll. Le mikhiqizo ayidingi nje kuphela ukuba nezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba, kodwa futhi idinga ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela emvelweni.
Insimu yokwakha
Izinto zokuvala: Imichilo yokuvala ye-silicone enobungani nemvelo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni iminyango, amafasitela, izindonga zamakhethini nezinye izingxenye, okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukungena kwamanzi nomoya futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuvikela ukushisa kwezakhiwo. Isibonelo, imichilo yokuvala ye-silicone akulula ukuyiguga noma ukuyishintsha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, futhi ingagcina umphumela omuhle wokuvala.
Izinto zokuhlobisa: I-silicone enobungani nemvelo ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinto zokuhlobisa izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, njengezikhunta ze-silicone zokwenza izingxenye zokuhlobisa. Lezi zingxenye zokuhlobisa zinokumelana nesimo sezulu esihle nokuqina, futhi zingagcina ubuhle bazo isikhathi eside.

6. Izindleko kanye nentengo
6.1 Izinto ezibiza kakhulu ze-silicone yezinga lokudla
I-silicone yezinga lokudla inezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yezindinganiso zayo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Izindleko zayo eziphakeme zibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa: I-silicone yezinga lokudla inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlanzeka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi imvamisa isebenzisa isihlabathi se-silica noma se-quartz esihlanzekile kakhulu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo. Izindleko zokuthenga zalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ...
Izindleko zokulawula inqubo yokukhiqiza: Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-silicone yezinga lokudla idinga ukwenziwa endaweni yokusebenzela ehlanzekile ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa uthuli nokunye ukungcola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele efana nokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nesikhathi enqubweni yokukhiqiza kudingeka ilawulwe ngokunembile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza komkhiqizo kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zezinga lokudla. Isibonelo, inqubo ye-vulcanization esebenzisa i-platinum vulcanizer ayibizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi idinga ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile. Lezi zinyathelo zokulawula ukukhiqiza eziqinile zandisa izindleko zenqubo yokukhiqiza.
Izindleko zokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Imikhiqizo ye-silicone esezingeni lokudla idinga ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwemikhiqizo eqediwe. Lezi zinto zokuhlola zifaka ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa, okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium permanganate, ukufuduka okuphelele, njll. Izinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kukhulisa izindleko zokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo.
Izindleko zesitifiketi: Imikhiqizo ye-silicone yezinga lokudla idinga ukuphumelela isitifiketi esiqinile, njengesitifiketi se-US FDA kanye nesitifiketi se-EU LFGB. Lezi zitifiketi azidingi nje kuphela izinkampani ukuthi zitshale isikhathi esiningi namandla, kodwa futhi zidinga ukukhokha imali ephezulu yesitifiketi. Isibonelo, isitifiketi se-FDA sidinga izinkampani ukuthi zenze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kokudla.
6.2 Izinzuzo zezindleko kanye nomehluko wentengo ye-silicone enobungani nemvelo
I-silicone enobungani nemvelo inezinzuzo ezithile ngokwezindleko, futhi intengo yayo iphansi kakhulu, okubonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone enobungani nemvelo zitholakala kabanzi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa i-silica yemvelo kanye ne-siloxane yokwenziwa. I-silica yemvelo ivame ukuvela ku-quartz ore noma i-diatomaceous earth, enezinqolobane eziningi kanye nezindleko zokuthenga eziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-siloxane yokwenziwa nayo ithuthuka njalo, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza zezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Izindleko zenqubo yokukhiqiza: Nakuba kuthathwe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-silicone enobungani nemvelo, izidingo zendawo yokukhiqiza kanye nenqubo zikhululekile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-silicone yezinga lokudla. Isibonelo, izindlela zokwelashwa kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye namanzi angcolile kanye negesi engcolile ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-silicone enobungani nemvelo zandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kodwa izindleko zizonke zisephansi kunokulawulwa okuqinile kokukhiqiza kwe-silicone yezinga lokudla.
Ukubekwa kwemakethe kanye nokwehluka kwamanani: I-silicone yezinga lokudla isetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni, kwezokwelapha nakwezinye izindawo ezinezidingo zokuphepha eziphezulu kakhulu. Izindleko zayo eziphakeme kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu kwenza intengo yayo ibe phezulu kakhulu. I-silicone enobungane nemvelo isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini, kwezokwakha nakwezinye izindawo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwezemvelo. Ngenxa yokubekwa kwemakethe okuhlukile, intengo ye-silicone enobungane nemvelo iphansi kakhulu, kodwa izici zayo zemvelo kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zomzimba nezamakhemikhali kwenza ibe ngcono kakhulu emakethe.
Ngokuvamile, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-silicone yezinga lokudla kanye ne-silicone enobungani nemvelo ngokwezindleko kanye nentengo. I-silicone yezinga lokudla inezindleko kanye nentengo ephezulu ngenxa yezindinganiso zayo zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu; kuyilapho i-silicone enobungani nemvelo inezinzuzo ezithile zezindleko ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, futhi intengo iphansi kakhulu, kodwa isebenza kahle ekusebenzeni kwezemvelo kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, futhi inezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kahle.

Isifinyezo
Nakuba i-silicone yezinga lokudla kanye ne-silicone enobungani nemvelo kokubili kuyizinto ze-silicone, kunomehluko omkhulu ezicini eziningi.
Kusukela encazelweni nasezingeni, i-silicone yezinga lokudla isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yokuxhumana nokudla futhi kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zikazwelonke kanye nezitifiketi zomhlaba wonke, njenge-China GB 4806.11-2016, i-US FDA 21 CFR 177.2600, i-EU LFGB, njll. Inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlanzeka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo wokugcina. I-silicone enobungane nemvelo igxila ebunganeni nemvelo bokukhiqiza, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa kwemfucuza, futhi ihambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo ezifana ne-EU RoHS Directive kanye ne-REACH regulations.
Ngokuphathelene nezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, i-silicone yezinga lokudla isebenzisa isihlabathi se-silica noma se-quartz esihlanzekile kakhulu, ikhiqizwa endaweni yokusebenzela ehlanzekile, isebenzisa i-platinum vulcanizer, futhi ivivinywa ngekhwalithi eqinile kuyo yonke inqubo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone ezinobungani nemvelo zitholakala kabanzi, amandla ahlanzekile asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, amanzi angcolile kanye negesi yokukhipha umoya kuyalungiswa ngokuqinile, futhi kugcizelelwa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe imfucuza.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha kanye nomthelela wempilo, i-silicone yezinga lokudla ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinangozi, inobubanzi bokumelana nokushisa, futhi izinkomba ezifana nokuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo zihlangabezana ngokuqinile nezindinganiso zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuxhumana kokudla. Inqubo yokukhiqiza nokusebenzisa i-silicone enobungani nemvelo ayinakho ukungcola okuningi, futhi imfucuza ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile akunawo umthelela omkhulu empilweni yabantu.
Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, i-silicone yezinga lokudla inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa, ukumelana nokuguga kanye nokumelana nokudabuka, futhi ifaneleka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. I-silicone enobungane nemvelo inokuqina okuhle, ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi, izinzile kakhulu ngamakhemikhali, futhi ingabhekana nezimo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokuphathelene nezindawo zokusetshenziswa, i-silicone yezinga lokudla isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yokudla neyezokwelapha, njengezinto zasekhishini, ukupakishwa kokudla, imikhiqizo yezingane, amadivayisi ezokwelapha, njll. I-silicone enobungane nemvelo isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimboni neyokwakha, njengezinto zikagesi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, izindiza nezempi, ukuvalwa kwezakhiwo nokuhlobisa, njll.
Ngokuphathelene nezindleko nentengo, i-silicone yezinga lokudla ibiza kakhulu ngenxa yezidingo eziphezulu zokuhlanzeka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulawulwa okuqinile kokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko zokuhlola neziqinisekiso zekhwalithi ephezulu. I-silicone enobungane nemvelo inezindleko eziphansi zezinto zokusetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa, inqubo yokukhiqiza ekhululekile, kanye nentengo engabizi kakhulu.

Ngamafuphi, i-silicone yezinga lokudla kanye ne-silicone enobungani nemvelo zinezici zazo futhi zifanelekela izinkambu ezahlukene. I-silicone yezinga lokudla ithatha ukuphepha njengento ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ifanelekela izigcawu ezinezidingo zezempilo eziphakeme kakhulu njengokudla kanye nokwelashwa; i-silicone enobungani nemvelo inamandla amakhulu emvelo futhi ifanelekela izinkambu ezifana nezimboni kanye nokwakhiwa ezinaka kakhulu umthelela wemvelo.