Unganciphisa kanjani okuqukethwe yi-formaldehyde enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwama-silicone hip pads?

1. Ukuhlaziywa kwemithombo ye-formaldehyde
1.1 Ukwethulwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa
Ekukhiqizweni kwama-silicone hip pads, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziwumthombo obalulekile wokungcola kwe-formaldehyde. Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone zingafakwa kanye nezithasiselo eziqukethe i-formaldehyde ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-silicone, njengokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka noma ukuzinza kwayo. Ngokusho kocwaningo olufanele, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone eziphansi kungaba phezulu kufike ku-300mg/kg, okungaphezu kakhulu kwezindinganiso zokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlaka esetshenziselwa ukubopha izingxenye ze-silicone ingase futhi ibe ne-formaldehyde. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, ezinye izinhlayiya zekhwalithi ephansi zisebenzisa i-formaldehyde njengezinto zokusetshenziswa noma isilondolozi, kanti ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-500mg/kg. Lawa ma-formaldehyde azokhishwa kancane kancane ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa ama-silicone hip pads, okubangela ingozi empilweni yabantu.
1.2 Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Inqubo yokukhiqizai-silicone hip pads kungaholela nasekukhiqizweni kwe-formaldehyde. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba eshisa kakhulu, uma izinga lokushisa lingalawulwa kahle, ezinye izingxenye eziphilayo ku-silicone zingabola futhi zikhiqize i-formaldehyde. Isibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-200°C, amaqembu e-silanol e-organic kwamanye ama-silicone angabola futhi akhiphe i-formaldehyde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungenisa umoya okungekuhle ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza nakho kungabangela i-formaldehyde ukuthi iqoqeke eshabhu. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa, ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde eshabhu elingangenisi umoya kahle kungafinyelela ku-0.5mg/m³, okuphakeme kakhulu kunezinga likazwelonke lokugcwala kwe-formaldehyde yangaphakathi elingu-0.08mg/m³. Lokhu akuthinti nje kuphela impilo yabasebenzi, kodwa kungabangela nokuthi umkhiqizo umunce i-formaldehyde eningi ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, okwandisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kumkhiqizo.

2. Izindlela zokulawula izinto ezingavuthiwe
2.1 Khetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone ezisezingeni eliphezulu zilawula ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kugwenywe ukwengeza izinto eziqukethe i-formaldehyde. Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwe-silicone okukhiqizwa abanye abahlinzeki bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone zomkhiqizo abaziwayo kungalawulwa ngaphansi kwe-10mg/kg, okuphansi kakhulu kunokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphansi. Lapho uthenga, izinkampani kufanele zifune abahlinzeki ukuthi banikeze imibiko yokuhlola ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi bacacise izinkomba ezibalulekile njengokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi angasungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside bokubambisana nabahlinzeki ukuze bathuthukise ngokubambisana izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone ezingenayo i-formaldehyde noma i-formaldehyde ukuze kuncishiswe ukungeniswa kwe-formaldehyde emthonjeni.
2.2 Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwezithasiselo
Ekukhiqizweni kwama-silicone hip pads, ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo akunakugwenywa, kodwa kumele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela. Ngezithasiselo ezithuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuzinza, kufanele kukhethwe imikhiqizo engena-formaldehyde noma engena-formaldehyde ephansi. Isibonelo, ezinye izithasiselo ezintsha ezinobungani nemvelo zinokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde okucishe kufane futhi zifana ngokusebenza kwezithasiselo eziqukethe i-formaldehyde. Lapho ukhetha i-glue, imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi ene-formaldehyde njengezinto zokusetshenziswa noma isilondolozi kufanele igwenywe. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-glue ezingenayo i-formaldehyde ezitholakala emakethe, futhi izakhiwo zazo zokubopha zizinzile futhi zingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Amabhizinisi kufanele enze ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwezithasiselo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwazo kwe-formaldehyde kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sungula uhlelo lokuhlola lwabaphakeli bezithasiselo, ubuyekeze njalo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo yabaphakeli, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izithasiselo ezisetshenziswayo zihlala zihlangabezana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha.

3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza
3.1 Ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha enqubo ye-vulcanization
Inqubo ye-Vulcanization iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwama-silicone hip pads, futhi ukulungiswa okunengqondo kwamapharamitha ayo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni okuqukethwe yi-formaldehyde.
Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa: Izifundo zibonise ukuthi lapho izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization lilawulwa ku-150℃ ~ 180℃, amathuba ezingxenye eziphilayo ku-silicone ezibolayo futhi zikhiqize i-formaldehyde ancishiswa kakhulu. Kulolu hlu lokushisa, i-silicone ingaqeda kahle ukusabela kwe-vulcanization, ngenkathi igwema ingozi yokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Isibonelo, inkampani inciphise okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kumkhiqizo cishe ngo-30% ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization kusuka ku-200℃ kuya ku-170℃.
Ukulawula Isikhathi: Isikhathi esifanele sokuvuselela i-silicone sisiza i-silicone ukuthi ixhumane ngokugcwele, yakhe isakhiwo senethiwekhi esizinzile, futhi inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuvuselela i-silicone kufanele sibekwe ngokunembile ngokohlobo lwe-silicone kanye nobukhulu bomkhiqizo. Kuma-silicone hip pads avamile, isikhathi sokuvuselela i-silicone sinconywa ukuthi silawulwe imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15. Isikhathi esifushane kakhulu singaholela ekuvuseleleni i-vulcanization engaphelele futhi sithinte ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo; isikhathi eside kakhulu singabangela ukusabela okungadingekile okungadingekile. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi lapho isikhathi sokuvuselela i-silicone sandiswa kusukela kumaminithi ayi-8 kuya kweyi-12, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo kungancishiswa cishe ngo-25%.
Ukulungiswa kwengcindezi: Ingcindezi efanele ye-vulcanization ingakhuthaza ukubopha okuseduze phakathi kwama-molecule e-silicone futhi inciphise ukubola kwezingxenye eziphilayo. Ngokuvamile, ingcindezi ye-vulcanization kufanele igcinwe ku-5MPa~10MPa. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu lwengcindezi, i-silicone ingacindezelwa ngokulinganayo futhi iqedele inqubo enhle ye-vulcanization. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi ngokwandisa ingcindezi ye-vulcanization kusuka ku-4MPa kuya ku-8MPa, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde ku-silicone hip pad kungancishiswa cishe ngo-20%, futhi izakhiwo zomzimba zomkhiqizo nazo zithuthukiswa kakhulu.
3.2 Lungiselela inqubo yokubumba
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yokubumba kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kanye nezinsalela ze-formaldehyde.
Ukuthuthukiswa komklamo wesikhunta: Yakha isakhiwo nosayizi wesikhunta ngendlela efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-silicone ishiswa ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo kanye nokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta esihlukanisiwe kungenza ukushisa kwe-silicone kube ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokubumba futhi kunciphise ukubola kwezingxenye eziphilayo okubangelwa ukushisa okungalingani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ngcono uhlelo lokukhipha umoya lwesikhunta kungakhipha igesi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba, kufaka phakathi i-formaldehyde engaba khona, futhi kunciphise i-formaldehyde esele kumkhiqizo. Ngemva kokuba inkampani ethile yamukele umklamo omusha wesikhunta, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo kwehliswe ngo-15%.
Ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa lokubumba nesikhathi: Njengenqubo ye-vulcanization, ukulawulwa okunengqondo kwezinga lokushisa lokubumba nesikhathi kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokubumba ku-140℃ ~ 160℃ kanye nesikhathi sokubumba kumaminithi ama-5 ~ imizuzu eyi-10 akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokubumba ye-silicone hip pad, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde. Idatha yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi ngaphakathi kwaleli banga lokushisa nesikhathi, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo kungancishiswa cishe ngo-35%, futhi ukubukeka nokusebenza komkhiqizo kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezinhle kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokungenisa umoya: Uhlelo oluhle lokungenisa umoya lungakhipha igesi ye-formaldehyde ngesikhathi esifanele endaweni yokusebenzela ukuze luvimbele ukuthi ingamuncwa ebusweni bomkhiqizo ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Ukufaka imishini yokungenisa umoya esebenza kahle endaweni yokusebenzela yokubumba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lokushintsha komoya ngehora lifinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10 kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde endaweni yokusebenzela libe ngaphansi kuka-0.05mg/m³, okuphansi kakhulu kunezinga likazwelonke lokugcwala kwe-formaldehyde yangaphakathi. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukuvikela impilo yabasebenzi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-formaldehyde ngumkhiqizo, ukuze okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo wokugcina kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nokuqapha
4.1 Misa amazinga okuhlola i-formaldehyde
Ukusungula amazinga okuhlola i-formaldehyde aqinile kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwama-silicone hip pads. Njengamanje, izwe linezindinganiso ezicacile zokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwemikhiqizo ye-silicone. Isibonelo, ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde kuimikhiqizo ye-siliconeakumele kudlule u-0.05mg/m²·h. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, amabhizinisi kufanele amise amazinga okuhlola angaphakathi aqinile ngokuhlanganiswa nezici zawo zomkhiqizo kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Isibonelo, inkampani yomkhiqizo we-silicone eyaziwayo ibeka izinga lokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads ukuthi kungabi ngaphezu kuka-0.03mg/m²·h, okuphansi kakhulu kunezinga likazwelonke futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo ngempumelelo. Ngokuphathelene nezindlela zokuhlola, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obuthuthukisiwe njenge-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) noma i-gas chromatography (GC) bungasetshenziswa. Lezi zindlela zinezici zokuzwela okuphezulu, ukukhetha okuphezulu, ukushesha kanye nokunemba, futhi zingalinganisa ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kuma-silicone hip pads. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhizinisi kufanele alinganise njalo futhi agcine imishini yokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
4.2 Ukusampula njalo kwemikhiqizo
Ukusampula njalo kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwama-silicone hip pads kuyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhe izinhlelo zokuhlola amasampula ezinemininingwane, acacise imvamisa, usayizi wesampula kanye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa kwamasampula. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwamasampula okuphelele kwama-silicone hip pads emgqeni wokukhiqiza kwenziwa kanye ngenyanga, ngosayizi wesampula ongengaphansi kwezingcezu eziyi-10 isikhathi ngasinye, okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yamaqoqo ahlukene nezinsuku zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamasampula, amazinga okuthola i-formaldehyde alandelwa ngokuqinile, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa iqoshwa futhi ihlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe. Uma umkhiqizo onokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde okweqile usutholakele, inqubo yokulandelela kufanele iqalwe ngokushesha ukuthola imbangela yenkinga, njengezinkinga zekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuphambuka kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, njll., futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulungisa ezifanele, njengokushintsha abaphakeli bezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulungisa amapharamitha enqubo yokukhiqiza, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphenyo oluphelele kanye nokwelashwa kweqoqo elifanayo lemikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe kufanele kwenziwe ukuvimbela imikhiqizo engafanele ukungena emakethe. Ngokuhlolwa njalo kwamasampula kanye nezinyathelo zokulandelela eziqinile zokwelapha, ukuqina kwekhwalithi yama-silicone hip pads kungaqinisekiswa ngempumelelo futhi ukwethembana kwabathengi emikhiqizweni kungathuthukiswa.

5. Ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nemishini
5.1 Umoya wokungenisa umoya eshabhu
Ukungenisa umoya e-workshop kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuphatha imvelo yokunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-formaldehyde enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwama-silicone hip pads.
Umklamo wohlelo lokungenisa umoya: Indawo yokusebenzela kufanele ifakwe uhlelo lokungenisa umoya olusebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza komoya okubushelelezi. Umklamo wohlelo lokungenisa umoya kufanele unqunywe ngokuya ngokuhlelwa kwendawo yokusebenzela, ukusatshalaliswa kwemishini yokukhiqiza, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yokungenisa umoya ngomshini kanye nokungenisa umoya kwemvelo, futhi umoya ose-workshop ungavuselelwa ngokushesha ngokufaka imishini yokungenisa umoya enamandla aphezulu kanye nokubeka ngokufanele indawo yezindawo zokungenisa umoya. Ngokusho kocwaningo, uhlelo oluhle lokungenisa umoya lunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde endaweni yokusebenzela ngaphezu kuka-50%.
Izidingo zemvamisa yokuphefumula: Ukuze kukhishwe igesi ye-formaldehyde ngempumelelo eshabhu, imvamisa yokuphefumula yesistimu yokuphefumula kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile. Ngokuvamile, imvamisa yokuphefumula yeshabhu yokukhiqiza i-silicone hip pad akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezikhathi eziyi-12/ihora. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuba ibhizinisi elithile lisebenzise imvamisa yokuphefumula yezikhathi eziyi-15 ngehora, ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde eshabhu kwehliswa kusuka ku-0.3mg/m³ yokuqala kuya ku-0.06mg/m³, okuphansi kakhulu kunendinganiso kazwelonke yokugcwala kwe-formaldehyde yangaphakathi, engagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa indawo yokusebenza yabasebenzi, kodwa futhi inciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-formaldehyde ngumkhiqizo.
Ukugcinwa kwemishini yokungenisa umoya: Ukugcinwa njalo nokugcinwa kwemishini yokungenisa umoya kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yokungenisa umoya. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhe izinhlelo zokugcinwa kwemishini yokungenisa umoya ezinemininingwane, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwesimo sokusebenza kwemishini yokungenisa umoya, ukuhlanza imigudu yokungenisa umoya, ukushintshwa kwezihlungi, njll. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokugcinwa kwemishini yokungenisa umoya njalo ngekota kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokungenisa umoya kwesistimu yokungenisa umoya kuhlala kugcinwa ezingeni eliphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ngempumelelo ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde eshabhu.
5.2 Ukuhlanza nokulungisa imishini
Ukuhlanza nokugcinwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza nakho kubalulekile ekunciphiseni okuqukethwe yi-formaldehyde enqubweni yokukhiqiza ama-silicone hip pads.
Imvamisa yokuhlanza kanye nendlela: Imishini yokukhiqiza kufanele ihlanzwe njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe izinto ezisele ze-silicone ukuthi zingaboli ebusweni bemishini ukuze kukhiqizwe i-formaldehyde. Imvamisa yokuhlanza kufanele inqunywe ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini kanye nezici zemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo. Isibonelo, ngemishini yokubumba, ukuhlanza indawo kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokukhiqiza ngakunye ukuze kususwe ukungcola okusele kwe-silicone. Indlela yokuhlanza ingaba inhlanganisela yokuhlanza ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlanza ngamakhemikhali, njengokusebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile ukususa uthuli kanye nokungcola ebusweni bemishini, bese uyisula ngensipho engena-formaldehyde ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yemishini ihlanzekile futhi ayinazo izinsalela.
Uhlelo lokulungisa imishini: Yakha uhlelo oluningiliziwe lokulungisa imishini futhi uhlole njalo futhi ulondoloze imishini yokukhiqiza ukuze unciphise ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwemishini. Uhlelo lokulungisa kufanele luhlanganise ukuhlolwa, ukugcotshwa, ukushintshwa kanye neminye imisebenzi yezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini. Isibonelo, hlola njalo ukusebenza kokuvala kwesikhunta sokubumba ukuze uvimbele ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo okubangelwa ukuvalwa okubi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde; lungisa futhi ulondoloze uhlelo lokushisa lwemishini ye-vulcanization ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokulawulwa kokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela unciphise ingozi yokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kokushisa. Ngokwezibalo ezivela enkampanini ethile, ngemuva kokusebenzisa uhlelo lokulungisa imishini oluqinile, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kumkhiqizo kwehle cishe ngo-10%.
Ukuvuselelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini: Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ukuvuselelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde. Isibonelo, ukwamukela imishini emisha yokukhiqiza enokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde okuphansi, noma ukuguqula imishini ekhona ngobuchwepheshe, ukufaka amadivayisi okumunca i-formaldehyde, njll. Inkampani ethile yethule imishini yokubumba ethuthukisiwe, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwemikhiqizo yayo kwehliswe ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo olufanayo lwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe imishini emidala, okubonisa ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwemishini nokuthuthukiswa kwayo kunomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde.

6. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokuphathwa kwabo
6.1 Izingozi ze-formaldehyde kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokuvikela
I-Formaldehyde iyinto eyingozi enezingozi eziningi empilweni yabantu. Ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa ama-silicone hip pads, abasebenzi bangase bachayeke ku-formaldehyde, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubaqeqesha ngezingozi ze-formaldehyde kanye nokuvikelwa kwazo.
Ukuqwashisa ngengozi: I-Formaldehyde ingena kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu ngomgudu wokuphefumula, isikhumba kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Ukuchayeka isikhathi esifushane kumazinga aphezulu e-formaldehyde kungabangela ukucasuka kwamehlo, impumulo, umphimbo kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nokuklebhuka, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuphefumula; ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga aphansi e-formaldehyde kungabangela ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba, izifo zokuphefumula, futhi kwandise ngisho nengozi yomdlavuza. Ngokusho kocwaningo, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside endaweni enezinga le-formaldehyde elingu-0.1mg/m³ kuzokwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal ngo-30%.
Okuqukethwe kokuqeqeshwa kokuvikela: Amabhizinisi kufanele ahlele ukuqeqeshwa njalo ukuze achaze izingozi ze-formaldehyde kubasebenzi ngokuningiliziwe ukuze baqaphele ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kokuvikela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake izindlela zokuvikela ezifanele, njengokugqoka imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu njengemaski, amagilavu, nezibuko. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamaski ekhabhoni esebenzayo kungahlunga ngempumelelo i-formaldehyde engaphezu kuka-90% emoyeni, kunciphise ingozi yokuthi abasebenzi bahogele i-formaldehyde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi kufanele bafundiswe indlela yokusebenzisa imishini yokungenisa umoya ngendlela efanele, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha eziphuthumayo lapho kutholakala izimo ezingavamile njengokuvuza kwe-formaldehyde.
6.2 Izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile
Izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ziyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwama-silicone hip pads, futhi zingaqinisekisa impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi.
Ukwakhiwa kwenqubo yokusebenza: Amabhizinisi kufanele akhe izinqubo zokusebenza ezinemininingwane nezijwayelekile ngokusekelwe ezicini zezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemishini. Lezi zinqubo kufanele zihlanganise zonke izici kusukela ekutholeni, ekugcinweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekubunjweni komkhiqizo, ekuhlolweni, nasekupakishweni. Isibonelo, esixhumini sokugcina izinto zokusetshenziswa, kunqunywe ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone kanye nezithasiselo kufanele zigcinwe endaweni yokugcina izinto enomoya omuhle, epholile neyomile ukuze kugwenywe ukukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde ngenxa yezimo zemvelo ezingafanele; esixhumini sokubumba umkhiqizo, ububanzi obuqondile bokulawula bemingcele efana nokushisa kwe-vulcanization, isikhathi, kanye nengcindezi buyacaciswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi balandela ngokuqinile ukusebenza okujwayelekile futhi banciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde.
Ukuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa: Qeqesha abasebenzi ngenqubo yokusebenza ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda izidingo ezithile zokusebenza zesixhumanisi ngasinye. Ngemva kokuqeqeshwa, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi ukwenza inqubo yokusebenza ngokunembile nangokufanele. Isibonelo, ngokulingisa indawo yokusebenza, ukusebenza kwangempela kwabasebenzi kuyanikezwa amaphuzu, futhi abasebenzi abahluleka ukuhlolwa baqeqeshwa kabusha kuze kube yilapho sebeqonda ngokugcwele inqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile. Ngokwezibalo ezivela enkampanini ethile, ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa kwenqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kumkhiqizo kwehle ngo-15%, kanti ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nakho kwanda ngo-10%.
Ukuqapha kanye nempendulo: Misa indlela yokuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bangalandela njalo izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile enkambisweni yokukhiqiza yangempela. Hlela abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuthi bahlole njalo ukusebenza kwabasebenzi futhi balungise ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, khuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi babeke iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokusebenza ukuze bakhe indlela enhle yokuphendula. Isibonelo, inkampani ethile yasungula ibhokisi leziphakamiso futhi yabamba imihlangano yabasebenzi njalo ukuze iqoqe imibono neziphakamiso zabasebenzi ngezinqubo zokusebenza, yathuthukisa izinqubo zokusebenza, yanciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde, futhi yathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

7. Isifinyezo
Ngocwaningo oluphelele olungenhla mayelana nokulawulwa kokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwama-silicone hip pads, iziphetho ezibalulekile ezilandelayo kanye neziphakamiso zingafingqwa:
7.1 Iziphetho ezibalulekile
Ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa kubalulekile: izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezithasiselo ezingenayo i-formaldehyde ziyisisekelo sokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde. Ukukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinokuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde okuphansi noma okungenakho kunganciphisa ukungeniswa kwe-formaldehyde emthonjeni. Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwe-silicone okukhiqizwa ngumhlinzeki wezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone zomkhiqizo odumile kungalawulwa ngaphansi kuka-10mg/kg, kuyilapho izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphansi zingase zibe phezulu njengo-300mg/kg.
Umphumela wokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza ubalulekile: ukulungiswa okunengqondo kwemingcele yenqubo ye-vulcanization kanye nokubumba, njengokulawula izinga lokushisa le-vulcanization ku-150℃ ~ 180℃, isikhathi se-vulcanization kumaminithi ayi-10 ~ imizuzu eyi-15, ingcindezi ye-vulcanization ku-5MPa ~ 10MPa, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwesikhunta, izinga lokushisa lokubumba kanye nesikhathi, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ngalezi zindlela zokwenza ngcono, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo kungancishiswa ngo-20% ~ 35%.
Ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nemishini akunakwa: ukungenisa umoya okuhle e-workshop kanye nokuhlanza kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini yokukhiqiza kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuqongelela kanye nokumuncwa kwe-formaldehyde ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lunemvamisa yokungenisa umoya engaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-12 ngehora, okunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-formaldehyde e-workshop kube ngaphansi kuka-0.05mg/m³; ukuhlanza nokugcinwa kwemishini kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo cishe ngo-10%.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nokuqapha kuyisiqinisekiso: Ukusungula amazinga aqinile okuthola i-formaldehyde kanye nezindlela zokuthatha amasampula njalo kungaqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde komkhiqizo kuyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Ubuchwepheshe bokuthola obuthuthukisiwe njenge-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) noma i-gas chromatography (GC) bungalinganisa ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde; ukuthatha amasampula njalo kanye nezinyathelo zokulandela eziqinile zokwelashwa kungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuqeqeshwa nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi kuyisihluthulelo: ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngezingozi ze-formaldehyde nokuvikelwa, kanye nokuqeqesha nokuhlola izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, akugcini nje ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi. Ngemva kokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa kwenqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde emikhiqizweni kungancishiswa ngo-15% futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungandiswa ngo-10%.
7.2 Izincomo
Thuthukisa njalo ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amabhizinisi kufanele asebenzisane eduze nabaphakeli ukuze bathuthukise ndawonye izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-silicone ezingenayo i-formaldehyde noma i-formaldehyde-free kanye nezithasiselo ukuze kuqedwe ukungeniswa kwe-formaldehyde emthonjeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisa ukuhlolwa nokubuyekezwa kwabaphakeli bezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezithengiwe zihlala zihlangabezana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha.
Ukujulisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yokukhiqiza: Amabhizinisi kufanele aqhubeke nokuhlola nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benqubo yokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe ukuze athuthukise kakhulu imingcele yenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokubumba. Isibonelo, ukwethula imishini yokukhiqiza ehlakaniphile kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuze kufezwe ukuqapha okunembile kanye nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-formaldehyde.
Qinisa ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nemishini: Amabhizinisi kufanele athuthukise futhi avuselele njalo izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zasemsebenzini kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokungenisa umoya kanye nokuhlanza nokulungisa imishini kusesimweni esihle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sungula indlela ephelele yokuvuselela nokuthuthukisa imishini, ususe ngesikhathi imishini emidala enezingozi zokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde ephezulu, futhi wethule imishini emisha yokukhiqiza enokukhishwa kwe-formaldehyde okuphansi.
Qinisa ukuhlolwa nokuqapha ikhwalithi: Amabhizinisi kufanele athuthukise amazinga okuthola i-formaldehyde kanye nezindlela zokuthatha amasampula, andise imvamisa yokuthola kanye nosayizi wesampula, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwemikhiqizo kulawulwa ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuphephile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qinisa ukuhlaziywa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha yokuthola, uthole izinkinga ezingaba khona zekhwalithi ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela nokulungisa.
Qaphela ukuqeqeshwa nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi: Amabhizinisi kufanele afake ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside, ahlele njalo ukuqeqeshwa kwezingozi nokuvikelwa kwe-formaldehyde kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwenqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile, futhi athuthukise ukuqwashisa kwabasebenzi ngemvelo kanye namakhono okusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sungula indlela ephelele yokuqapha kanye nokuphendula ukuze kukhuthazwe abasebenzi ukuthi bahlanganyele ngenkuthalo emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi futhi bakhe isimo esihle sokubamba iqhaza okugcwele kanye nokuphathwa okuhlangene.
Ngamafuphi, ngezinyathelo ezibanzi ezifana nokulawula izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwemvelo kanye nemishini, ukuhlolwa nokuqapha ikhwalithi, ukuqeqeshwa nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi, okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde enqubweni yokukhiqiza ama-silicone hip pads kungancishiswa ngempumelelo, ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo kungaqinisekiswa, impilo yabathengi ingavikelwa, futhi kuzophinde kufake isandla ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwebhizinisi.